Nagorno-Karabakh: a long-forgotten destiny Nagorno-Karabakh, a disputed region between Armenia and Azerbaijan, is the scene of a forgotten conflict. Since its declaration of independence in 1991, the territory has been the scene of multiple clashes in a persistent struggle for recognition and control. In September 2023, the recapture of the Armenian enclave by Azerbaijan after a lightning offensive led to the exodus of more than 100,000 refugees from Nagorno-Karabakh to Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, putting an abrupt end to their dreams of independence.